Ejective affinities

This title was prompted by having seen As You Like It in Georgian.

Say ‘t’. Now make a glottal stop. Now do both at once. It’s a bit like pronouncing a word-final ‘t’ normally and enunciating it at the same time.

That’s an ejective. Georgian has six ejectives: პ (p’), ტ (t’), კ (k’), ყ (q’), წ (c’) and ჭ (č’). The peculiar thing about these ejectives is that they show up in loanwords from our common stock of Graeco-Latin-scientificocultural vocabulary. ტელევიზია (t’elevizori), or ინტერნეტი (int’ernet’i) for example.

I had a complicated explanation for why this might be. I thought it might reflect a stressed syllable in whichever source language because not every borrowed unvoiced stop, for example the initial თ in თეატრი (teat’ri) is glottalized.

There is a simpler explanation, though.

Georgian has three sets of stops, voiced and unaspirated, unvoiced and aspirated, unvoiced and glottalized and unaspirated. Russian, on the other hand, has four sets based on two features, voicing and palatalization. They are all unaspirated. I am going to assume that the borrowings have come in through Russian or from English on a Russian pattern and that palatalization is lost on borrowing.

The best match for a Russian т is in fact ტ, being unaspirated, rather than თ. Likewise with the other members of the series. Glottalization seems to be easier for Georgians than aspiration.

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Interlude d’autoroute

59… 62… 75… 75… 62, 62…. 13… 59… 59…

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Carsickness is not like homesickness

I’ve never liked choral syncopation much.

If you read in the back of a car, rather than looking out of the window, you will be carsick. I did this as a child to the accompaniment of Radio 2. But out of the many awful things on Radio 2, it was only the music by the likes of the Swingle Singers that troped my own discomfort.

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Short words in North Sámi

You can form questions by putting the verb at the beginning of the sentence and adding -go. ja is “and”, ahte is a subordinator, ii is “is not”, dat is “it”, dan is “its”, juos is “if”, I think.

More on this in due course.

 

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Materialism and magic bottles

Organic chemists know about the “magic bottle” effect. This is where if you use a particular bottle of stuff, the reaction goes, and if you use a different, though nominally identical one, the reaction doesn’t.

I can think of at least two hypotheses for why this might be. I have a materialist hypothesis, which is that there are very small amounts of impurities in the “magic” bottle which catalyse the reaction. I also have a non-materialist hypothesis, which is that the “magic bottle” is inhabited by the benign ghost of a departed experimenter.

I have a very good reason for wanting to test the first hypothesis really very thoroughly before the second hypothesis, and it’s nothing to do with any philosophical biases or preconceptions I might have. I have a reliable method for making solutions of stuff with given amounts of impurities, and can even state error bars, given other experiments, on what those amounts might be.

What I have no idea of how to do reliably is to manufacture, or even to get in touch with, benign ghosts of departed experimenters. I can certainly ensure departedness. Ethics committees would disapprove.

And I don’t think the ghosts would be terribly benign.

 

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The universal grindr

(1a) Nigel likes cock.
(1b) ?Nigel likes a cock.

Do you know about grinding? I know about grinding.

Grinding is taking a count noun, say, “chicken” or “fir”, and instead of saying “two chickens” or “three firs” saying “some chicken” or “some fir”, referring to meat or wood. A good example of this in a slightly different context is (1a). (1b) is perfectly grammatical but looks like an example sentence and I doubt if it’s attested anywhere.

Do you think this is what the makers of Grindr had in mind when they named their app? A universal grindr would alert you to nearby things which you’d normally describe with a count noun that also has a mass reading.

It would be particularly good at Horse.

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Maybe we could start seeing France again?

I saw the headline for this post and briefly thought “Infidelity Plus” was a new option on the independence referendum. Continue reading

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At last the Go-on show

呉音, (goon in Japanese, two syllables) or if you’re reading this without the correct fonts installed, ⬜⬜, is usually glossed on the web as “Wu dynasty reading”. The background here is that there isn’t just a difference in written Japanese between the native vocabulary and the Sino-Japanese vocabulary, but that Chinese words borrowed at different times and hence with different pronunciations, might be written with the same character.

I knew roughly when the Tang Dynasty were, and the Song. But what about the Wu? They must have been the ones before the Tang.

Except they weren’t. That was the Sui (隋). And going back further, all we find is the state of Wu, which was conquered about a millennium before the first signs of Japanese writing with Chinese characters.

What seems to be the case is that the 呉音 borrowings are named after the state of Wu, and someone somewhere has inadvertently written “Wu dynasty reading” by analogy with 唐宋音, which is usually translated as “Tang dynasty reading”, even though there is yet another set of borrowings elsewhen during the Tang and the second character, 宋, stands for the Song dynasty.

Han readings (漢音) aren’t from the Han dynasty either.

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Remote censoring

I don’t want to watch much of the stuff the BBFC classifies, and nor, I suspect, do the people who work for the BBFC. Surely, I thought, we could get a machine to do this?

There won’t be much chance of getting a machine to look at the pictures and work out what’s going on for some time. But what if there were transcripts? Train up a classifier on previously-classified transcripts of films, run the new transcript through the classifier and James Ferman’s your uncle.

Except where do we get the transcripts from? We can’t necessarily rely on the filmmakers, though the scripts might be a good starting point. Having to watch the film and painstakingly note down everything that happens would negate the point of the whole exercise, so we’re left with either crowdsourcing or offshoring.

I don’t want to see eyewatering stills from a potentially R18 film as a CAPTCHA, so the only remaining option is to send the films overseas.

This isn’t going to work, is it?

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Norfolk. Norfolk.

I have been contemplating the difference between dressing like Margaret Thatcher, dressing as Margaret Thatcher, and dressing up as Margaret Thatcher, all thanks to a letter in the Evening Standard from Liz Truss MP.

I didn’t want to do that, and nor, I suspect, did you.

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